We demonstrate strong one dimensional (1-D) many-body interaction effects inphotoluminescence (PL) in a GaAs single quantum wire of unprecedented opticalquality, where 1-D electron plasma densities are controlled via electricalgating. We observed PL of 1-D charged excitons with large binding energy of 2.3meV relative to the neutral excitons, and its evolution to a Fermi-edgesingularity at high electron density. Furthermore, we find a strong band-gaprenormalization in the 1-D wire, or a large red-shift of PL with increasedelectron plasma density. Such a large PL red-shift is not observed when wecreate a high density neutral electron-hole plasma in the same wire, dueprobably to cancellation of the Coulomb interaction energy in the neutralplasma.
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